完整句型為【Even if S1 + V1, S2 + V2.】這裡的 even if 可當作條件句或假設句。若當條件句用,【Even if S1 + V1, S2 + V2.】中的V1則為現在簡單式,V2則可為現在簡單式或未來式。若為假設句使用的話,V1為過去簡單式,V2就為would/should/could/might + V(原形),此情況為「與現在事實相反」。V1 為 had + Vpp,V2 則為 would/should/could/might + have Vpp,此情況為「與過去事實相反」。
例 句:
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Even if it rains, we will go out. 即使下雨,我們還是要出去。
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Even if he is poor, she loves him. 即使他很窮,她還是愛他。
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Even if we don't have money, we will finish it. 即使我們沒有錢,我們還是要把它完成。
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Even if the challenge is difficult, Ben won't give up, either. 即使這挑戰很艱難,班也不會放棄。
完整句型為【Consequently, S + V.】或為【S + V and consequently S + V.】。這裡的 consequent|y 當作副詞,放句首時,其後可直接加上完整的句子;若想用來連接兩個動詞或句子,則須加上and。例如:I'm busy and consequently I can't talk to you now. (我在忙,因此我現在無法跟你談。)
例 句:
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Consequently, I need to go tprne now. 因此,我現在必須馬上回家。
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Consequently, I can't go to your birthday party. 因此,我無法參加你的生日派對。
完整句型為【By the time S1 + V1, S2 + V2.】,因為 by the time 連接兩個有先後順序之意的句子,所以在 By the time S1 + V1, S2 + V2 的句型中,S2 + V2 為較早發生的情況,因此 V2 的動詞型態通常是以 had + Vpp(分詞) 過去完成式來表示,而V1則是簡單過去式。
例 句:
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By the time he came home, we had left. 在他到家之前,我們早就離開了。
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By the time we arrived, the train had gone. 在我們到達之前,火車早就已經開走。
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By the time you told me the news, I had known it. 在你告訴我這消息之前,我早已知道了。
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By the time we called the police, the thief had disappeared. 在我們報警之前,小偷早已消聲匿跡了。
完整句型為【But for + N, S + V.】也可為【S + N, but for + N.】。句中的 but for 只能加名詞,不能加句子,位置可在句首或句中。這裡的 but for 是一種假設語氣,因此後面的動詞型態須視說話者所要表達之意來調整。常用的動詞型態為 would/could/might + V(原形),或是would/could/might + have Vpp(分詞)。
例 句:
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But for you, I wouldnt be here. 要不是你,我現在就不會在這裡。
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But for her help, I wouldnt succeed. 要不是有她的幫忙,我現在不會成功。
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But for the meeting, I wouldn't meet my wife. 要不是那場會議,我現在就不會認識我的老婆。
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But for his hard work, he would have failed. 要不是他有努力工作,他早就失敗了。